What is a 'bond'?
Bonds are a form of indebtedness that is sold to the public in set increments, normally in the neighborhood of $1000. In return for loaning the debtor the money, the lender gets a piece of paper that stipulates how much was lent, the agreed-upon interest rate, how often interest will be paid, and the term of the loan.
The first time an ancient monarch borrowed a large sum of money from a rich neighbor, agreed to repay the money with interest, and wrote this up on a piece of papyrus, the bond was born. Deficit-laden governments across the world use bonds as a way to finance their operations. Cash-strapped companies sell debt in order to get the money they need to expand. Even individuals routinely take out interest-bearing loans, whether they are credit card balances, car loans, or mortgages.
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay interest (the coupon) and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed maturity. A bond is a formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest at fixed intervals.
A bond, also known as a fixed-income security, is a debt instrument created for the purpose of raising capital.
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